This part contains a mandatory doctoral seminar (for example, “Doctoral Seminar in Networked and Embedded Systems” or “Doctoral Seminar in Smart Systems Technologies”) and lectures on soft skills or a privatissimum for PhD students. Additionally, AAU offers many communications, leadership, and soft skills courses. Students can take special courses such as scientific writing, research communications, project management, research integrity, gender and diversity, ethics in science, and intellectual property rights.